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Anthony Sawoniuk
Anthony Sawoniuk, formerly Andrei Andreeovich Sawoniuk ((ベラルーシ語:Андрэй Саванюк); 7 March 1921 – 6 November 2005) was a Belorussian Nazi collaborator from the town of Domaczewo in pre-war Poland (now Damachava, Belarus). After taking part in the murder of Jews in his home town, he served in the SS until November 1944 when deserted and joined to the Polish II Corps in the Eighth Army. After the war he settled in Britain, became a British citizen and subsequently became the first and only person to be convicted under the UK's War Crimes Act 1991. He died in prison in Norwich, England.
== Early life ==
Andrei Sawoniuk was born in Domaczewo, Poland (now Damachava, Belarus), a spa town on the Bug River. At that time 90% of the town's population were Jewish, with the remainder being Poles, Ukrainians, Belorussians and German Volksdeutsche. Sawoniuk, nicknamed "Andrusha" (a Russian and Belarusian diminutive of Andrey),〔 has been described as Belorussian,〔http://new-arch.rp.pl/artykul/219849_Najkrocej.html〕〔Efraim Zuroff, "Operation Last Chance: One Man's Quest to Bring Nazi Criminals to Justice", Macmillan, 2009, p. 79〕 some newspaper reports say that his mother was Polish, Sawoniuk never knew the identity of his father, although townspeople believed him to be Josef Jakubiak, the town's Jewish schoolmaster, because his mother Pelagia had been working as a cleaner at Jakubiak's school and home during the months when Sawoniuk was conceived. Sawoniuk's half-brother Nikolai said to the British ''Daily Mail'' newspaper: "People in the village said that my brother was the son of the schoolmaster. I think the same." Andrei used the patronymic "Andreeovich", which does not appear in the Polish language.〔Nick Hopkins, ( "How the net closed around Sawoniuk" ), at guardian.co.uk; Guardian 2010〕 His mother's former husband had also had the name Andrei.〔
The family were poor: his mother worked washing clothes while Sawoniuk and his half-brother collected firewood to sell.〔 Sawonuik also worked as a sabbath goy: a gentile employed by Orthodox Jews to carry out Sabbath tasks that were forbidden to them, such as lighting fires or chopping wood. He learnt basic Yiddish from his employers.
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